{
 "name": "Client information, AI, software providers and law firm ownership",
 "title": "Client information, AI, software providers and law firm ownership",
 "kind": "terms-board",
 "url": "https://selllawfirmdatatoai.com/datasets/lawfirm-ai-data-law/",
 "csv": "https://selllawfirmdatatoai.com/datasets/lawfirm-ai-data-law.csv",
 "markdown": "https://selllawfirmdatatoai.com/datasets/lawfirm-ai-data-law/index.md",
 "computed_at": "2026-10-28",
 "license": "https://selllawfirmdatatoai.com/terms",
 "headline": "7 provisions of the SRA's rules, UK data protection, legal services and copyright law on client information, AI training, software providers, who may own a firm and staff work, each quoted from the regulator's or the law's own page, read 28 October 2026.",
 "quotes": [
  "7 provisions of the SRA's rules, UK data protection, legal services and copyright law on client information, AI training, software providers, who may own a firm and staff work, each quoted from the regulator's or the law's own page, read 28 October 2026.",
  "Whose rule it is, by provision: the Solicitors Regulation Authority 4 of 7, an Act of Parliament 2 of 7, the UK GDPR 1 of 7 (7 provisions, read 28 October 2026).",
  "What the provision settles, by provision: who may own or invest in a law firm 3 of 7, putting client information into AI training 1 of 7, keeping client affairs confidential 1 of 7, who first owns work staff create 1 of 7, what a software provider holding client data may do with it 1 of 7 (7 provisions, read 28 October 2026).",
  "The rule, in its own words, by provision: stated 7 of 7 (7 provisions, read 28 October 2026)."
 ],
 "citation": "\"Client information, AI, software providers and law firm ownership\", updated 2026-10-28, https://selllawfirmdatatoai.com/datasets/lawfirm-ai-data-law/.",
 "national": {
  "n": 7,
  "unit": "provisions",
  "documents": 7,
  "published_sources": 7,
  "named_sources": 8
 },
 "board": {
  "type": "clauses",
  "noun": {
   "one": "provision",
   "many": "provisions"
  },
  "document": {
   "one": "page",
   "many": "pages"
  },
  "fields": [
   {
    "id": "authority",
    "label": "Whose rule it is",
    "counts": {
     "statute": 2,
     "sra": 4,
     "uk-gdpr": 1
    },
    "values": [
     {
      "value": "sra",
      "text": "the Solicitors Regulation Authority"
     },
     {
      "value": "statute",
      "text": "an Act of Parliament"
     },
     {
      "value": "uk-gdpr",
      "text": "the UK GDPR"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "topic",
    "label": "What the provision settles",
    "counts": {
     "first-ownership": 1,
     "non-lawyer-ownership": 3,
     "client-confidentiality": 1,
     "ai-training": 1,
     "processor": 1
    },
    "values": [
     {
      "value": "client-confidentiality",
      "text": "keeping client affairs confidential"
     },
     {
      "value": "ai-training",
      "text": "putting client information into AI training"
     },
     {
      "value": "first-ownership",
      "text": "who first owns work staff create"
     },
     {
      "value": "processor",
      "text": "what a software provider holding client data may do with it"
     },
     {
      "value": "non-lawyer-ownership",
      "text": "who may own or invest in a law firm"
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "rule",
    "label": "The rule, in its own words",
    "counts": {
     "stated": 7
    },
    "values": [
     {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "stated"
     }
    ],
    "clause": true
   }
  ],
  "lead": {
   "type": "count",
   "field": null,
   "value": null,
   "n": 7,
   "of": 7,
   "label": "Provisions read"
  },
  "vendors": [
   {
    "name": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, s.11(2)",
    "answers": {
     "authority": {
      "value": "statute",
      "text": "an Act of Parliament",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "CDPA 1988, section 11",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
        "value": "statute",
        "quote": "Where a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work"
       }
      ]
     },
     "topic": {
      "value": "first-ownership",
      "text": "who first owns work staff create",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "CDPA 1988, section 11",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
        "value": "first-ownership",
        "quote": "his employer is the first owner of any copyright in the work subject to any agreement to the contrary"
       }
      ]
     },
     "rule": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "CDPA 1988, section 11",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "is made by an employee in the course of his employment, his employer is the first owner of any copyright in the work subject to any agreement to the contrary."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "Legal Services Act 2007, s.72",
    "answers": {
     "authority": {
      "value": "statute",
      "text": "an Act of Parliament",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "Legal Services Act 2007, section 72",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/29/section/72",
        "value": "statute",
        "quote": "A body (“B”) is a licensable body if a non-authorised person—"
       }
      ]
     },
     "topic": {
      "value": "non-lawyer-ownership",
      "text": "who may own or invest in a law firm",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "Legal Services Act 2007, section 72",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/29/section/72",
        "value": "non-lawyer-ownership",
        "quote": "non-authorised persons are entitled to exercise, or control the exercise of, at least 10% of the voting rights in A."
       }
      ]
     },
     "rule": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "A body (“B”) is a licensable body if a non-authorised person…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "Legal Services Act 2007, section 72",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/29/section/72",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "A body (“B”) is a licensable body if a non-authorised person—"
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "SRA Code of Conduct, paragraph 6.3",
    "answers": {
     "authority": {
      "value": "sra",
      "text": "the Solicitors Regulation Authority",
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       {
        "document": "SRA guidance, confidentiality of client information",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/",
        "value": "sra",
        "quote": "Paragraph 6.3 of the Code of Conduct for Solicitors, RELs and RFLs and of the Code of Conduct for Firms"
       }
      ]
     },
     "topic": {
      "value": "client-confidentiality",
      "text": "keeping client affairs confidential",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA guidance, confidentiality of client information",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/",
        "value": "client-confidentiality",
        "quote": "requires you to keep the affairs of current and former clients confidential unless disclosure is required or permitted by law or the client consents."
       }
      ]
     },
     "rule": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "It is a wider duty not to misuse it, ie, without the consent of a client or former client…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA guidance, confidentiality of client information",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "It is a wider duty not to misuse it, ie, without the consent of a client or former client to make any use of it or to cause any use to be made of it by others otherwise than for the client's benefit."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "SRA warning notice on the misuse of AI",
    "answers": {
     "authority": {
      "value": "sra",
      "text": "the Solicitors Regulation Authority",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA warning notice on the misuse of AI",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/misuse-ai/",
        "value": "sra",
        "quote": "This warning notice is relevant to all firms and individuals we regulate."
       }
      ]
     },
     "topic": {
      "value": "ai-training",
      "text": "putting client information into AI training",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA warning notice on the misuse of AI",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/misuse-ai/",
        "value": "ai-training",
        "quote": "is not used to train AI models except where explicitly authorised and appropriate to do so"
       }
      ]
     },
     "rule": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "Client information should only be entered into AI systems where appropriate contractual…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA warning notice on the misuse of AI",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/misuse-ai/",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "Client information should only be entered into AI systems where appropriate contractual, technical and organisational safeguards are in place to protect confidentiality."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "SRA, firm authorisation",
    "answers": {
     "authority": {
      "value": "sra",
      "text": "the Solicitors Regulation Authority",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA, firm authorisation guidance",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/firm-authorisation/",
        "value": "sra",
        "quote": "When we authorise a licensable body, it is called a licensed body. This is also sometimes referred to as an alternative business structure (ABS)."
       }
      ]
     },
     "topic": {
      "value": "non-lawyer-ownership",
      "text": "who may own or invest in a law firm",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA, firm authorisation guidance",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/firm-authorisation/",
        "value": "non-lawyer-ownership",
        "quote": "In simple terms, they must have at least one lawyer manager and one non-lawyer manager or interest holder."
       }
      ]
     },
     "rule": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "When we authorise a licensable body, it is called a licensed body. This is also sometimes…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA, firm authorisation guidance",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/firm-authorisation/",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "When we authorise a licensable body, it is called a licensed body. This is also sometimes referred to as an alternative business structure (ABS)."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
   {
    "name": "SRA, interests in a licensed body",
    "answers": {
     "authority": {
      "value": "sra",
      "text": "the Solicitors Regulation Authority",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA, interests in a licensed body that need approval",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/interest-licensed-body-require-approval/",
        "value": "sra",
        "quote": "Under the LSA, we must approve the holding of a material interest in a licensed body by any non-authorised person."
       }
      ]
     },
     "topic": {
      "value": "non-lawyer-ownership",
      "text": "who may own or invest in a law firm",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA, interests in a licensed body that need approval",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/interest-licensed-body-require-approval/",
        "value": "non-lawyer-ownership",
        "quote": "Under the LSA, we must approve the holding of a material interest in a licensed body by any non-authorised person."
       }
      ]
     },
     "rule": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "Under the LSA, we must approve the holding of a material interest in a licensed body by…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "SRA, interests in a licensed body that need approval",
        "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/interest-licensed-body-require-approval/",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "Under the LSA, we must approve the holding of a material interest in a licensed body by any non-authorised person."
       }
      ]
     }
    }
   },
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    "name": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
    "answers": {
     "authority": {
      "value": "uk-gdpr",
      "text": "the UK GDPR",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/article/28",
        "value": "uk-gdpr",
        "quote": "Where processing is to be carried out on behalf of a controller, the controller shall use only processors providing sufficient guarantees"
       }
      ]
     },
     "topic": {
      "value": "processor",
      "text": "what a software provider holding client data may do with it",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/article/28",
        "value": "processor",
        "quote": "processes the personal data only on documented instructions from the controller"
       }
      ]
     },
     "rule": {
      "value": "stated",
      "text": "at the choice of the controller, deletes or returns all the personal data to the…",
      "documents": [
       {
        "document": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
        "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/article/28",
        "value": "stated",
        "quote": "at the choice of the controller, deletes or returns all the personal data to the controller after the end of the provision of services relating to processing, and deletes existing copies"
       }
      ]
     }
    }
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 },
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 "rows": [
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   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "It is a wider duty not to misuse it, ie, without the consent of a client or former client to make any use of it or to cause any use to be made of it by others otherwise than for the client's benefit.",
   "text_sha256": "0cbca5ee718b53fefa7ef3fa99ff326b7abb3f315d1c8a9e5fd69cc10816efde"
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  {
   "subject": "SRA warning notice on the misuse of AI",
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   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28",
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   "subject": "SRA warning notice on the misuse of AI",
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   "answer": "stated",
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   "answer": "sra",
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   "question": "topic",
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   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28",
   "quote": "In simple terms, they must have at least one lawyer manager and one non-lawyer manager or interest holder.",
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   "subject": "SRA, firm authorisation",
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   "quote": "When we authorise a licensable body, it is called a licensed body. This is also sometimes referred to as an alternative business structure (ABS).",
   "text_sha256": "d0f38846f98a67f4c1e4cb6d600d84752d9ded3ad7b42e1cdca189688ab5b1db"
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   "answer": "sra",
   "answer_text": "the Solicitors Regulation Authority",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28",
   "quote": "Under the LSA, we must approve the holding of a material interest in a licensed body by any non-authorised person.",
   "text_sha256": "2291016c369ea340eb1cd22739cce9944d44db8b66e6c694c5a81ec4a514a94f"
  },
  {
   "subject": "SRA, interests in a licensed body",
   "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/interest-licensed-body-require-approval/",
   "document": "SRA, interests in a licensed body that need approval",
   "question": "topic",
   "answer": "non-lawyer-ownership",
   "answer_text": "who may own or invest in a law firm",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28",
   "quote": "Under the LSA, we must approve the holding of a material interest in a licensed body by any non-authorised person.",
   "text_sha256": "2291016c369ea340eb1cd22739cce9944d44db8b66e6c694c5a81ec4a514a94f"
  },
  {
   "subject": "SRA, interests in a licensed body",
   "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/interest-licensed-body-require-approval/",
   "document": "SRA, interests in a licensed body that need approval",
   "question": "rule",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "Under the LSA, we must approve the holding of a material interest in a licensed body by…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-28",
   "quote": "Under the LSA, we must approve the holding of a material interest in a licensed body by any non-authorised person.",
   "text_sha256": "2291016c369ea340eb1cd22739cce9944d44db8b66e6c694c5a81ec4a514a94f"
  },
  {
   "subject": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/article/28",
   "document": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
   "question": "authority",
   "answer": "uk-gdpr",
   "answer_text": "the UK GDPR",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "Where processing is to be carried out on behalf of a controller, the controller shall use only processors providing sufficient guarantees",
   "text_sha256": "2bead00aa5784bcff134385ba4dccb11afb8357f302bfb1923741d63067b5e1d"
  },
  {
   "subject": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/article/28",
   "document": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
   "question": "topic",
   "answer": "processor",
   "answer_text": "what a software provider holding client data may do with it",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "processes the personal data only on documented instructions from the controller",
   "text_sha256": "2bead00aa5784bcff134385ba4dccb11afb8357f302bfb1923741d63067b5e1d"
  },
  {
   "subject": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/article/28",
   "document": "UK GDPR, Article 28",
   "question": "rule",
   "answer": "stated",
   "answer_text": "at the choice of the controller, deletes or returns all the personal data to the…",
   "status": "stated",
   "retrieved_at": "2026-10-08",
   "quote": "at the choice of the controller, deletes or returns all the personal data to the controller after the end of the provision of services relating to processing, and deletes existing copies",
   "text_sha256": "2bead00aa5784bcff134385ba4dccb11afb8357f302bfb1923741d63067b5e1d"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/standards-regulations/code-conduct-solicitors/",
   "label": "SRA Code of Conduct for Solicitors, RELs and RFLs",
   "license": "the publisher's the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "not-terms",
   "why": "the stored page is the Code's index (headings and the making note) without paragraph 6.3's text; 6.3 is recorded from the SRA's confidentiality guidance, which quotes it"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/misuse-ai/",
   "label": "SRA warning notice on the misuse of AI",
   "license": "the publisher's the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/48/section/11",
   "label": "Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, section 11",
   "license": "the publisher's the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/ethics-guidance/confidentiality-client-information/",
   "label": "SRA guidance, confidentiality of client information",
   "license": "the publisher's the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2016/679/article/28",
   "label": "UK GDPR Article 28, processor",
   "license": "the publisher's the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2007/29/section/72",
   "label": "Legal Services Act 2007, section 72",
   "license": "the publisher's the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/firm-authorisation/",
   "label": "SRA, firm authorisation guidance",
   "license": "the publisher's the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.sra.org.uk/solicitors/guidance/interest-licensed-body-require-approval/",
   "label": "SRA, interests in a licensed body that need approval",
   "license": "the publisher's the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute, cited for reporting",
   "class": "primary-government",
   "status": "read"
  }
 ],
 "methodology": "Each provision's own the SRA Code and guidance, the SRA's warning notices, the UK GDPR, the Legal Services Act 2007 and the copyright statute were read through estate-fetch and stored whole (sha256 on every row). For every page, three questions were answered from its own words: whose rule it is, what the provision settles, the rule, in its own words. Every stated answer carries the sentence it rests on, checked against the stored text; 'not stated' means the page read does not address the question. A provision with several pages reads 'varies' where they disagree. 7 provisions, 7 pages.",
 "embed": "<figure style=\"margin:0;padding:16px;border:1px solid #d0d0d0;background:#ffffff\"><blockquote style=\"margin:0 0 8px;background:#ffffff\">7 provisions of the SRA's rules, UK data protection, legal services and copyright law on client information, AI training, software providers, who may own a firm and staff work, each quoted from the regulator's or the law's own page, read 28 October 2026.</blockquote><figcaption style=\"background:#ffffff\"><a href=\"https://selllawfirmdatatoai.com/datasets/lawfirm-ai-data-law/\" style=\"background:#ffffff\">Client information, AI, software providers and law firm ownership, selllawfirmdatatoai.com</a></figcaption></figure>"
}
